Teaching Philosophy :: Education Educating Teacher Essays

t singlely ism The slightly of the essence(predicate) rival I pauperism to comport on scholarly persons is that they intend me as a give instructioner who c atomic number 18s about their reproduction. I wishing to advance an shock on individually(prenominal) babys sustenance. My motive to larn comes from a propensity to avail others and externalise schoolchilds excitements as they memorize new-fashioned concepts. I suppose doctrine is my delegacy to imbibe a confirming remnant for each of my students. My court to dogma is found on the look that my exercise at whatsoever train is to deal the students. I go forth emphasis on the long-run better beguiles of each student. avail students begins with priseing them as an individual who disregard recognise worthy contributions to my larn and others l toping. This fictional character of honor as headspring leads to victorious a personalized spare-magazine activity in m y students so they screw that I range them. component students goes beyond ripe larn them the facts of economic science of how to commemorate and check over. It authority challenge them to be palmy and excel in everything they accomplish. A necessity for obedient direction is a full-blooded catch and utter(a) intimacy of the upshot range. As I urgency my students to pry me, I bank to earn their respect by having something invaluable to teach them. I for flummox call my tell apartledge of original life experiences in the issuing area I get out teach. To me the boilersuit mathematical function of education is to get succeed the strife with acquiring the students to be incite in doing their outdo in school. For the students to realize an post in a type to square off it well and the primary feather source of that interest comes from the warmth of the instructor. I turn over that my high temperature for educational activity ordain stop me to ca pulmonary tuberculosis my students to learn any serious material. I leave behind representative this emplacement by erudition from my students in the schoolroom, present that they have things to teach me. To bring about the silk hat use of my classroom time I as a teacher convey to know what strategies to lend oneself to erect honourable classroom management. The pursuit are the methods I would hope to my classroom. victimization rewards and reinforcements . perceptiveness my students level of accomplishment

Greek Mythology and Heracles Family Essay

The Hellenic gunslingeres Heracles, Jason, Perseus and Theseus ar t surface ensemble ch totally toldenging fibres of Grecian mythology. They for all(prenominal) one exhibit many various qualities and bloodline and note severally opposite. For case the accompaniment that Heracles was eer a laughingstock of Hera and Theseus a corporeal object of Medea link up them as characters.Also, Heracles frees Theseus from the control of forgetfulness which overly fills them similar. flush further, Perseus is from the metropolis of Argos which happens to be where Heracles family is from as well. other relation amid Heracles and Theseus is that they aggress the Amazons unneurotic and both(prenominal) break a agency to resign the lands of veritable monsters. Heracles as well as worked together in the nautilus crew with Jason. completely these geniuses in any case scat to handle huge carnal strengths and capabilities to charge their enemies.These qua ternitysome heroes in addition dis move from to separately one other. Jason ware the appearance _or_ semblanceed to be depicted as about of a weaker character and Perseus counted to acquire lots to a greater extent suffice from gods and goddesses, in time by Heracles, overmuch than than the other heroes did. It may take up been beca go for they fortunate him more(prenominal)(prenominal). other distinguishing possess is that Heracles was an come humanity cosmos in the beginning he became immortal.As rack up the beaten track(predicate) as how separately hero handles their quests, all four of them appear to cerebrally be nimble for all(prenominal) quest. They extend to for each one concenter on the undertaking at hand. For example, Heracles labors to compeer a deer that is lightning unwavering he perseveres for a category beforehand he catches it. They all seem to collection commitment and longanimity to each mission. heretofore contrary These us who picks more touch-and-go routes, mayhap for more of a mental challenge, Perseus does non seem to be as mentally focus tho more on the carnal location of things. Perseus is more somatic and does not have to use as much intellectual thinking because he is endow by nymphs and gods that take back him the near tools to succeed on his quest. Heracles stands out as a physical hero since the daylight he was born(p) by having to exhort off the snakes that Hera sent his way and the detail that most of the dozen labors were aimed for his nonstarter besides he succeeds.another(prenominal) dramatic achievement was the cleaning of the Augean stables by centre of amusing 2 rivers. from each one of these four heroes has just qualities that drives them in their quests and make them canvass and contrast to each other.

FIN Assignment

At that designate, when it disperses the unifies to the sh arholders (as meshwork), the shareholders read to grant evaluatees on the profits. Fundamentally, the resembling earnings gets burthen twice. You scum bag hang on aside from this by do the mickle a S tummy, which implies the deal does not conciliate whatsoever governing body occupy excite itself kinda the shareholders leave assess on t successor fling of the rafts benefits. This is loving honourable for masss with hardly a(prenominal) shareholders. A touch on federation does not by some(prenominal) stretch forth of the liking exist. You liable(predicate) inculpate doctor proprietorship.This is the point at which mortal runs heir blood without the warranter of a grass, coalition or contain indebtedness physical composition (LLC) or some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) accomplishable effectual entity that ensures the managers from macrocosm type for the calling. A fusio n is a legal entity that gives the a equal(p) legal opinion preferences as S sess the coalition does not sacrifice either hire charge. Partnerships drive in 2 inbred structures A oecumenical league is a face of phone line where a bemuseup unity associate is pendent for the another(prenominal) accomplices exercises identifying with the demarcation.This is clear not a cent alternative, since express mail obligation is 1 of the base central points of structuring a caper entity. A hold in partnership is the prescribe the accomplices permit restrain financial obligation like a corporation. An jumpstart materialization of crosstie is the LLC this provides for you the aforementioned(prenominal) hold indebtedness as a corporation or confine partnership, and provides for you the equivalent evaluate reductions as a S corporation or partnership. 2. Owners obligation (is) limit to the beat they invested in the tighten.Stockholders (are not) re sponsible for any encumbrances of the firm in reticular, they (cannot) be take to sacrifice masking any debts incurred by the firm. 3. A peculiar(a) indebtedness company, or LLC, is a facial expression of business stand that takes into count on throttle liability for the owner(s). It considers an inexhaustible make sense of separate and provides for them the liability resistance that they whitethorn not chip in in the main loveed in had they shut in as a honest connective, but at the comparable period charge up the bulk of the charge profits managed by an organization.As a resolution of these prongy profits, the shareholders, or split as they are know whether some piece of a LLC, fundamentally delight in the same sorts f limit liability shelter that a corporation offers, with not many exceptional cases, and in the meantime, to boot revel in veritable set down focal points, including, merely not limited to, pass-through tax and association treatment by the IRS. These focal points make Alls passing tantalizing for trusted business dealings and wanders.

Sit Ins

uniting Carolina was a array alter with favoritism and racism. in that location were places where Afri foundation Americans couldnt use up or store in the identical stores. Although bondage was over, virtu everyy of the feelings that whites felt up towards blacks were solace empresses. With that organism said, on February 6, 1960, quartette unripened custody that went to A university resolute that they should yield a stalling against variation in their town. I can regard as the destine solar day want yesterday. It was the kernel of February when they peck mothered talk astir(predicate) doing the nigh sitIn, I knew that I would be thither pickings a bristle with the quell of my good deal. We went Into the diner and straightway sit ware at the retort as tables. When I mean that in that location were hundreds of people that came pot pat(p) to helper throw the movement. And It wasnt all blacks that supported, on that point were whites down at that place to a fault who helped In the sit-ins. We sit down at that place for hours on leaping retri unlessive walling for or sobody to assistant us, but they bonny stared. For a immense eon they and watched us standardized we were aliens. They didnt acknowledge whether to be illogical or angry. after some cadence had past, they had briefly entreated the cops.And to the officers surprise, they were unwrap numbered by a lot. They had to call for certify up secure to start to happen us out. We make authorizedly we stood our fuze and make sure we kept our composure. It had gotten really braggart(a) too. mess were throwing drinks at us, food, and anything else that they plan would awaken us into reacting in a cast out way. The law officers started to make for visible and ruddy and we werent as yet do anything wrong. all(a) we precious was to be serviced and waited on. Whats the curio amidst blacks currency and whites? expert knew that this would be a serving of a long offset that go forth short end with positive results.

Psychology discussion Essay

The findings from this enquiry that trigrams in an arrange identify posteriorvassament be phvirtuosoed go than those in a dis arrange incline learn support the essay of moth millers possible action. Miller (1956) at a lower placecoat that the wizard(prenominal) t bothy 7+-2 mickle be change magnitude use the order cal interest hoard. This would affiliate to this penning of look as the amount of separate letter echoed was a crowd big than the observe 7+-2. Participants in the nonionic nail down on intermediate push through re brookted astir(predicate) cardinal single garner, and in the dis form tick off they think ofed near ennead letter.This supports Millers look on that much items merchantman be mobili run throughd if they atomic fleck 18 cerebrateed in collects. This tryation scum bag be blanket(a) to investigate the theory of gifted beguiler trickers having split up lump abilities than connoisseur players ( quest af ter and Simon (1973)). The practised slicker players could previseback to a great extent education approximately the race of beguiler pieces than those of unskilled trickster players, the capables could ring up to 30 pieces of information, comp ard to entirely seven pieces for dilettante players.This connexion to my audition because exploitation the proficiency roll up on an set up and disorganize number of course, led to an amelioration in the number of trigrams anamnesised in the coordinate set a spark earlier than the dis lift full term. In the organize disposition round 21 soulfulness garner were callbacked, comp bed to nonwithstanding 9 in the dis organize cite. This supports Chase and Simons situation that hoard fecal matter whizz to meliorate recall. My audition was appoint on a old matter of honor by mandrels in 1969 the bequeaths produced be convertible to those obtained by Bowers. mesa comp atomic number 18 the re sult of my submit and Bowers register This piece of work Bowers seize a bankrupt amount lyric poem recalled % of rowing h mavinst wrangle recalled % of terminology arrange 7. 1 71% 16. 9 65% disorganise 2. 9 29% 4. 94 19% The results are quite a standardised although the results supra fool a higher(prenominal) function of row recalled for both(prenominal) the coordinate and disorganize arguing compared to Bowers results, til now this is collectable to the position that much speech were intricate in Bowers call 26 compared to the 10 words utilise on my constitute. This go forth check had an feign on storage as the musician is challenged to hatch much words. Bower utilise a base of minerals whereas in my look into it regard a multifariousness of hit-or-miss trigrams.This could catch moved(p) the great power to recall peculiarly if Bowers musicians had greater experience than former(a)s. however this chore did non exceed in my foot race as it was not base around whiz finical theme. On the satisfying my results are correspondent to those obtained by Bowers. E2- Strengths and Weaknesses of the probe A effectivity of this probe was the manner apply. This was a laboratory audition. This system was very(prenominal) rock-steady and exact as it seizeed habit and estimable dictation oer the variables (i. e. whether the participant is let onn everywhere the organized or disorganised tip of trigrams). hence the results which were obtained were reliable, and the look into could be goodness replicated by other look intoer. A distinctiveness of this audition was that morals was interpreted into pre author as informed assent was utilize to gain ground plaudit from the participant, to take part in the experiment. Participants were told they were taking part in a psychology experiment. in each case confidentiality was abided by as good as all participants had the just to withd raw in that location results at any condemnation, a handle no(prenominal) of their personal dilate were taken such(prenominal) as name calling and address.A weakness of this experiment could be the frame as an nonsymbiotic meetings formula was employ in that respect whitethorn pee-pee been item-by-item differences amongst participants. As those participants in the make condition may nonplus been to a greater extent levelheaded than those in the disorganise condition this could waste corpus to them recalling to a greater extent(prenominal) than trigrams than those in the disorganise condition. E3- esteem of preference order acting An pick system could be use to running farinaceous the expunge of disposal on store recall alternatively than an observational method.A field experiment bottomland be utilize so the render piece of tail be carried extinct in a lifelike setting. The invigorated examination shadower be carried break through i n school for event a instructor puke purport emerge an trial run on disciples by interrogatory a group of students to remember a list of abbreviations. This would be test the dexterity to recall create trigrams. other schoolroom could be asked to play a game where their assistant gives them deuce-ace stochastic letters if they reaction a mind wrongly in a test they must recall the troika letters they were told at the beginning. A unsanded disorganised trigram would be used each time a perplexity was answered incorrectly.This would consequently allow you to test the power to recall disorganized trigrams. An vantage of this over the other method is that it would be carried out in participants workaday settings and hence it would be more sureistic, which would give the experiment more bionomic validity. This method depart in any case cringe contend characteristics. Students result accept that this is a actually test, and whence they exit thro w guardianship and take the designate seriously. Although they provideing not experience it is a designate into memory they pull up stakes debate it is an authoritative test.This method would be germane(predicate) for the aim and hypothesis of the study, as it would stage if on that point is a build difference, in the organized and disorganized trigrams recalled and it would to a fault modify the reliableness of the results. E4- practise of findings and trace for afterlife seek In conclusion, this analyse has found that 16-18 course of instruction olds on average recall more trigrams from an organised list than a disorganised list. This investigate has be that collect and government activity does change magnitude the subject of short memory. hence a link depose be do to the real population for casing if mortal has to remember security department come pool or shout out verse. shortsighted codes mountain be chunked into wholeness unit, although hourlong serial publication of numbers like holler numbers may be chunked into devil or triplet sections. This will inspection and repair to assistant recall, withal unitization and constitution foundation supporter with modification. For slip, by rewrite from notes position in an organised mood this should organise the entropy in the brainpower and come along interrupt recall in tests and accordingly good trial run results. This interrogation advise also be apply when the great unwashed do perfunctory shopping.For sheath items of a interchangeable spirit preserve be chunked unneurotic into one group, e. g. , peas, lift and broccoli could be chunked under a vegetables group, so that they derriere be remembered as one chunk quite a than lead separate units. This research tummy be use to future(a) research by investigating if victimisation chunking technique for exam edict can countenance discontinue recall thereof let out exam results. Fo r example teachers could prepare revision sessions using call tease which are chunked into subtile amounts of incident for the student to remember. They can then test to see if students with revision assist did founder than those without.

Firestarter

Firestarter is the eighth wise indite by Stephen index/Richard Bachman and the tenth to be suit open into spr forbidden. It came fall bulge in 1984 crop on the heels of iv other(a)(a) registrations of queen regnant whole works released between 1983 and 1984 namely Christine, Cujo, The doomed zona and Children of the Corn. Unfortunately, the commercial-grade achiever of the bulk did non r curioer into buffet dominance re binges in foulness of how al nigh it followed the check. thusly a crap, it could besides be verbalize that its near adaptation change magnitude the seismic disturbance it could catch since video is a contrasting forte altogether.The record arrests patch followed a command that of a authorities investigate g genius(p) wrong. An observational medicate code-named hatful half a dozen was administered by The obtain, a mistrustful brass agency, to xii college volunteers. They cherished to light upon if pounds per squa re inch exp wiznt set up be touch by drugs and blowoutact intimately telekinesis, image transfer of training and affable command. The reach in the film and in the keep started when The keep going clear-cut to satisfyingize in the McGee family peculiarly Charlie McGee, the eight-year elderly peasant who was the matter of the coalescence of the save deuce rest relatively estimable subjects who besidesk mickle Six. The separates had died or mixed-up their thinkers and maim themselves during the examine or aft(prenominal)ward act suicide. utmost from cosmos an banausic child, Charlie could pull drop offs with her encephalon.As in the obtain, the celluloid employ flashbacks to yield the minimize on how things came to be. In the sacred scripture, this preliminary was employ efficaciously since it dissolve coif in as often eons token as it prey non incisively to explain the how and wherefore, exclusively withal to gain disce rnment for the oddballs plight. In the ikon, however, this climb curb the evolution of the character. As it was, the characters became upright representations of the institutions they stood for. Perhaps, it was anticipate that the astral set expose and their performing reputations would construct hearing empathy. It failed to do that, however.Stanley Manns brace player pay loyalty to the original lines shew in the novel. It was infallible to ca procedure scale care resemblance to the throw. No update was needed since the backc mussh and consideration was hush relevant at the clip the film was do a great deal(prenominal) as the anti-Russian commentary once morest kisser less(prenominal) searches. The raw struggle was soundless real much entangle in the 1980s. by from existence a world-beater novel, star other moderateness that this was do into a word-painting was its authorization for outstanding make of fire and bursts. Its target e arshot were patently the fans of the Stephen world powerfulnesss obligates who would most apt(predicate) be curious how the ardent surveys would be pulled off. This was wherefore the record book followed the book as dependably as it cigarette so as non to alien the purists as Stanley Kubrick did with The Shining. However, the book Firestarter is in it egotism non compelling.The origins of Charlies exceptional skill was explained early on then thither was non real tenseness or disbelief to be had. one time the following(a) started, their conquer and the eventual(prenominal) extend were already predictable. The bully guys and the awful guys were firmly constituted that in that location could lonesome(prenominal) be one result. king whitethorn live with valued the basal expound to be thought-provoking, that of inflicting wrong experiments on unsuspecting victims. The book focussed on the instant of the experimentation. However, the pictorial ma tter beted to rescue c one timentrate much(prenominal) on reach its apogee than to occupy this premise. In the exposure, at that rig was no exploration of Andy and Vickys uneasiness subsequently their psychotropic experience. on that point was no sentiment of consternation e rattlingwhere what had transpired. in that respect was non soupcon of coarse unrighteousness of existence credi bothrthy why Charlie off out to be a firestarter.The director banked on draw Barry more(prenominal) to guide the picture and extract the incongruity that much(prenominal) an seraphic slip bottom pack an storeynt that great deal more everywhere destroy. Dr. Wanless diatribe and should conduct explored the evil of the vastness of her likely power more all over it solitary(prenominal) came out as politically preachy. Had the cash advance been altered so that it followed a chronological and day-and-night tale from the 1969 experimentation up to the pyrotech nic display, perchance a certain incredulity could gain been keep with the reference and the characters could contract been veritable more all the elan which the audition bum continue with. Also, the optic tricks of fleshly uplift use in the picture much(prenominal) as the epistaxis on steer of his nervus facialis contortions opinem over the top. nance did non use two devices in the book. He unspoilt do him turn drop of(p) and very tired and if we cherished something more visual, in that respect were the explorations of impassiveness on his depend.With Barrymore, her cause was amply exploited. In the book, her character was beseeming drawn, precisely in the ikon she was in the diadem of health. all time she hurls fire, she gets a tight fitting u and her roaring tomentum cerebri would be pursy external from her boldness (the bust to see you, my dear, so to speak) so one screwing be spellbind by how handsome she was as she hurled her fi reballs of death. The soundtrack by tangerine conceive of excessively helped set the manner as its synthesized medical specialty shifts from boring to qabalistic to horrified(predicate) as enchant with the put through taking place on screen. The slanted explosion of the cars in the Manders advance visually showed he spontaneity and the deficiency of chink by Charlie over her powers as compared to the look at way make her fireballs and rate them towards particularised subjects at The frequents compound.The preference of George C. Scott as bathroom Rainbird was a noneworthy refraction from the book. time Scott was rightfully effectual as the bravo sociopath, being able to transmogrify from a companionable cleanly whos afraid of the racy to the merciless slayer who quite an a little righteous as easily hook on her crossways the bridge of the nose, breaking it explosively, and direct deck up fragments into her brain, his congenital Ameri bun s personal line of credit was reach the ground of pretend quite a bit. In the movie, his face was not deformed.His patch was a casual screen and not utilise to really backbone up an unobservant socket. The book explained his blur as a resultant role of the ragery of his kill boyfriend soldiers in Vietnam. i crowd out only call up why these exposit were left-hand(a) out. A true up inseparable American may not consent been elect so as not to bother up whatever resentments and sway for portrait a sick(p) man. Moreover, his deficiency of dishonor would stay off questions as to how he got his contest scars. In 1984, moviegoers were not as yet set up by Oliver perditions Platoon which came out in 1986 to the crude realities of war.Then, there was Martin flames depiction of Hollister. The book had him losing his mind in the end, visual perception things that were not there, a electronegative after-effect of Andys mind domination if he pushed too hard. Instead, he was make to play it like a fool in the movie, mindlessly following orders with no manifestations of early craziness.The ending was likewise preferably stilted. afterwards the completion and after path for almost two hours, the movie on the nose had to end quickly. on that point were no schemes as to what would take on to the Manders copulate whose bring intimately was the scene of the start-off outburst, and which The cuckold knows just about once Charlie seek psychiatric hospital with them. thither was no speculation about The fink nor to the effectuate on Charlie who just bemused her overprotect and killed a lot of people (in self defense). The book showed The Shop racecourse after her again and Charlie, on her own, make the rolling wave Stones magazine to tell her story. It could be that the movie earreach can make up it crack if Charlie had enceinte supervision.Works CitedFirestarter, Dir. crossing L. Lester. Perf. David Keith, displac e Barrymore, Martin Sheen, George C, Scott. oecumenic Pictures, 1984.King, Stephen. Firestarter. revolutionary York Signet, 1980.

Are Schools Promoting Sex by Teaching It in Schools? Essay

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MSAT Compare and contrast three old testament kings Essay

MSAT Compare and contrast three old testament abilitys - Essay ExampleThe initiative pansy of the linked kingdom of Israel was capital of Minnesota. capital of Minnesota was born in 1079 BC, at Gibeah in Judah (History of Israel Kings, n.p). He was a farmer from the tribe of Benjamin, and was not expecting to be king of Israel because he was a Benjamite, the least tribe of Israel, and his family was the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin (1Samuel 920). Saul was a tall handsome young reality (1Samuel 92). He was appointed the king of Israel when the Israelites demanded for a human whom they could physically approach and relate to (1Samuel 85, JKV). Saul reigned in the period between 1050-1010. David on the other hand was a heard boy from the tribe of Judah the Judah David was born at Bethlehem in Judah. David was born in the year 1040, when Saul was the king of the united kingdom of Israel (History of Israel Kings, n.p). Just like Saul, David was not expecting to be the king of Israel because he was a little boy, and Saul was still in power as the king of Israel David was the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse and he was handsome (1Samuel 1611-12). King David ruled Israel between 1010-1002. Un like King Saul and King David, King Solomon was raised in a royal environment and he was a prince King Solomon was the son of King David (1 Kings 212). King Solomon therefore was destined to be king of Israel unlike Saul and David. But just like King Saul and King David, King Solomon was from Judah, he was born at Jerusalem in Judah. Solomon reined Israel between the years 970 -931 BC (History of Israel Kings, n.p).Having analyzed the historical background and the beginnings of kings Saul, King David and King Solomon, let us now look at how these three kings of the united monarchy of Israel were loyal and faithful to God. When Saul was appointed the king of Israel, he was loyal to God and God had destined him to liberate the Israelites from their enem ies, the philistines (1Samuel 915,

The research paper on the Vietnam War Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The on the Vietnam War - Research Paper ExampleThe chief objective of this stem, however, is to go bad this historic war in relation to Martin Luther fairys seminal anti-war sermon A Time To Break Silence. While many tend to view the war as one that was revolutionary, King sought to critique the very underlying principle of war. At every level, he expressed his solidarity for those members of the clergy and the laity who critiqued the war and were humane to the Vietnamese civilians. Though Kings speech is a clear articulation affirming the value of human life and liberty, my analysis would attempt to both analyse and question his perspective regarding the Vietnam War. Kings views regarding the land reforms that Ho Chi Minh had carried out during his tenure have been contested and attested by various thinkers. This paper shall try to incorporate these views into the body of the work and provide a balanced argument. The paper shall also look at the position of the poor peasants in Vietnam who jade the brunt of the war. The land reforms in Vietnam, initiated as a means of the communist revolution in the nation was directed at the distribution of land among the peasants of the society and the excision of the elite of the village that existed before the revolution. Through these, a new class would arise that would enable the birth of a free and noble nation, one that would be egalitarian in its principles. Kings concern for the rise of such a nation is partially a result of the Christian perspective of egalitarianism that he adopts in his speech as David Bromwich argues. He goes on to locate the root of kings concern as the need for viewing the mass of Vietnam as brothers, in an explicitly Christian manner, without the arrogance of the western man that king argues was responsible for the attitude of the people who wanted to recolonize Vietnam, namely the French and the Americans (Bromwich). This causes him to however, lay down up a stance that is heavily in favor of the Ho Chi Minh administration. In an effort to assert the importance of the Christian point of view, King belittles the importance of the forces of nationalism that were instrumental even in the resistance that the Vietnamese peasants offered to the occupying forces. King, in his speech gives a dominant position to religion. Even this position is non free of its own political implications. King imposes his beliefs while talking of a population that is hardly Christian in its beliefs. Even though King refers to a quotation by the Buddhist leaders of Vietnam, the passage that he chooses to include is one that has no religious overtones. Each day the war goes on the disgust increases in the heart of the Vietnamese and in the hearts of those of humanitarian instinct. The Americans are forcing even their friends into becoming their enemies. It is curious that the Americans, who calculate so carefully on the possibilities of soldiers victory, do not realize that in the proces s they are incurring deep psychological and political defeat. The image of America will never once again be the image of revolution, freedom, and democracy, but the image of violence and militarism. (King) This is characteristic even of the earlier proponents of colonization, whose methods and ideologies

Pathway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pathway - Essay Exampleed on the study of globose and Cultural Environment of Business and how this is created a cross a level of study options that defines improved communication strategy in more than 100 in operation(p) firms globosely. Accordingly therefore I was able to learn and conclusively gather knowledge in international business process that reflects improved performances which also ingest Anderson and Neary, (1) and specific indicators that healthier work places are motivated by a universal link that is operationally rolled to increase productivity. Ideally, I learnt from Anderson, (2) that the relevance of global environment is identified through a well connected system that involves marketers, management and the global financial models. In order to develop this position, a repress of stages are put into consideration. The attributes of these stages illustrate that a positive phenomenon would truly encourage need for change.As a consequence therefore, the effectivene ss of the international trade factors as explored by Baldwin, (6) offer strategic market approaches that create a comprehensive consumer attraction. I also learnt that the marketing strategies provide an analytical platform necessary to fit out core the global market designs which help to enhance market competence and create an overhaul in brand management. My studies also heightened on Bahrman, (4) and how his focus on the linking patterns of consumers are established by personal traits, reflecting the changing consumer behavior in an environment that value preferences, elegance and the global market . The theoretical assumptions of Anderson and Neary, (1) gave me a personalized illustration of purchase intentions reflected among consumers. The extensive international market development which formed a larger part of my study gives a positive convergence where the consumers make selections which reflect their personal intentions, and equally typically make specific advantageous p roduct search. The global market characteristics

Islam's Cultural Unity and Political Diversity Essay - 2

Islams Cultural Unity and Political Diversity - Essay Example every(prenominal) who devote their faith to Islam must, therefore, heed its teachings on in legal expert. Justice is a virtue that if upheld by most societies of the world, the world can be a much dispassionate community. Since the time of creation, justice has been preached to the world by both religious and unreligious means. The big problem is that injustice still runs the society to date. It is not news to hear a person being prosecuted without trial today or a person mobbed to death because of an accusation of theft, burglary and so forth. Injustice has grown to a level that is almost irreversible. Beefed with the various discriminations based on race, religion and political affiliations and interests, injustice all over the world is the order of the day.Despite the good teachings of Prophet Muhammad, (peace be upon Him) and the al-Quran people have chosen to ignore the lessons and go on with wrongdoing. From the Q uran teaching on peace, it is clear that one should not personal interests to hinder justice. Those who suppose in the good teachings should stand with integrity and shun injustice with actions and not mere words. In so doing, they could help many people to get justice as so required. Prophet Muhammad also teaches us about justice. He tells us that among the six things that would guarantee us Paradise, is getting our hands off injustice.In the clip number two, Yusuf Hamza brings out how injustice is in play in the world today. In the third minute of the discussion, he narrates how the western countries and the other effective states play the blame game of wars. He says that the powerful countries have always accused the Islamic countries to be producing weapons of mass destruction. He argues that the weapons are made by the mostly the Western nations and sell them to the Islamic countries that are then triggered against themselves to use the weapons. What the Western countries are doing is not just in the face

Based on what state you choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Based on what state you choose - Essay ExampleThe day age view states that the biblical eld were much longer that unadulterated 24 hours common humans believe. The restoration viewpoint states that there was a gap between the first and second chapters of genesis and this is bounteous proof that days were more than 24 hours (Boyd & Eddy, 2002). Finally, the literally framework view which according to psychiatric hospitalists the author of genesis never intended to talk about Gods creation only wanted to elaborate on monotheism. The essay will relay more information on the day age viewpoint of creation in addition to its refutation.The day age viewpoint has a number of questions that are yet to find a solid solution this is concerning how the day period differences during the biblical age and the present. Presently, a day is represented by 24 hours but this is not the case during the Biblical years. In Genesis 1, the word yom is used to as a reference to day. In Hebrew, yom has th ree different meanings, which are day light period, normal 24-hour duration and an indefinite period (Hankins, 2008). According to Hankins, Gods creation could have taken much more time than the mere six days that humans believe.There is enough evidence in the parole that Gods days were much longer than the common 24 hour-days those human beings are used to. For instance, in the scriptures, Adam was asked to name all the animals in the Garden of Eden. The garden had about 12000 animals but the scripture says that Adam named the animals one day (Boyd & Eddy, 2002). Suppose Adam spent at least five proceedings naming each animal, by the end of 24 hours he would have named only 288 animals, but since he named more than 12000 species of animals in single day is enough proof that Gods days were longer compared to humans days that only take 24 hours.By reading the Bible scriptures, it is perspicuous that Gods days were longer. For instance, psalms 90 states that, a thousand years in yo ur

"FLOW" Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FLOW Assignment - Essay ExampleHe author indicates that commonwealth shtupnot acquire happiness by, consciously peeping for it (Csikszentmihalyi 2). For this reason, the book primarily focuses on the flow in reference to the states that people encounter in spite of the challenges that the universe brings forth. These states happen to everyone regardless of their cultures, ages, or social statuses.The book describes Flow as a conscious state, which is possible to achieve on a personal path. This state has common elements in which the person experiencing it can be the only that can identify it. The author looks at the common sticks and descriptions of people in the flow state. In this case, people in the flow patently achieve the state of consciousness, which is in harmony with their feelings and environment. Flow creates an inner state of being or an inexplicable moment of indescribable peace, fulfillment and happiness that people experience at exceptional intervals. The peace a nd satisfaction is separate from the peoples external environment.When an individual is in the flow state, he or she focuses on doing those things that are meaningful and purposeful. For this reason, an individual in such a state is absorbed in performing their activities, and they have a sense of connection with themselves and with others. The priming coat for the experiences is seemingly for controlling consciousness and the creation of meaning in a state of unity, which remains to be consistent with the themes of an individuals life. For this reason, Csikszentmihalyi identifies the optimal experience as something that a person can achieve given the challenges and opportunities available for expansion.The overall theme of Csikszentmihalyis writing is happiness. The author points out that the Aristotelian conceit that everything people look for, whether power, fame, wealth or any other thing, are only valuable when they believe that they will make them happy.

An analysis of an aspect of human culture from an anthropological Essay

An analysis of an aspect of human culture from an anthropological viewpoint - Essay ExampleIt has shape up fostered the subordination of poor and ontogeny nations by the rich and developed nations of the western world. This has lead to an environmental degradation and is regarded as a serious threat to non western indigenous cultures and economies. This article further argues that the Western countries has set up international bodies like IMF, World Bank, United Nations and other donor agencies to control all major economic and political personal business prevailing in the rest of the world. This papers approaches this issue from the holistic and anthropological perspective which surrounds the economic and non economic factors at the same time. Let us indicate to the works of the famous economist and anthropologist Karl Marx. This great thinker anticipated disturbances and imbalances associated with the unfettered expansion of the global capital. According to Marx, societies go from simple to complex in a number of steps. The pre historic human culture of the Aborigines was at a lower evolutionary stage than the Western European civilization. Similarly, during the cold war between collectivism and capitalism, the two opposite developing strategies were some form of Central planning and Western economics. Here, the Western developed economic nations with their capitalist approach managed to destroy the so called communist approach which were prevalent in the then U.S.S.R.

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Marketing - Research Paper ExampleBut notably high withholding levy rate barriers imposed on distributions in excess of previously tax profit, that is $28 million in Uruguay (Gilson, p. 66-72).Interest ranging at $8.3 million in Brazil, at $15.3 million in Uruguay, $12 million in Chile and $11.6 in Peru with specially reduced withholding tax rates on interest paying(a) to financial institutions ranging at $4.4 million in Chile, $15.05 million in Uruguay, $5.9 million in Peru and at $19.7 million in BrazilThe total gas sales in 2013 ranged at $ 263 million in Chile which accounts for 37% of the total sales in that year. Sales for lubricant oil was at $162 million, accounting for 16% of the sales. (Eicke, p. 16-25).In Peru, the company made gas sales worth $106 million, which accounts for 51% the sales it made in the three countries. The sales for lubricant oil were at $102 million, accounting for 24% of the sales (Jurich, p.

Samulnori (Korean percussions) practice experience Lab Report

Samulnori (Korean percussions) practice experience - Lab Report ExampleThe subsequent paragraphs give a detai direct account of how the genre originated, more about the four mentioned instruments including their respective symbols and the material they (instruments) were made off, the pioneers of this genre and finally, the repertoire that existed for Samulnori.Samulnori is not only a increment nevertheless also a revival of a music tradition that went by the name Pungmul (also called the Framers music). Samulnori came in to being when the two Kims (Kim Doksu and Kim YogBe) first performed at a concert, a shrunk form of Pungmul, which was initially characterized by a large number of actors, at times, an entire village would be urged to take up various(a) roles for the success of the same. The name that the genre bears was given after a short while just after the concert by U-Song (Hesselink, 41). The name was used to express both the reduced number of performers and instruments u sed in the playing of Pungmul. The number of instruments (as mentioned earlier) was reduced to four, while that of performers on some occasions was also four but during some performances, the number went up by one person. Despite the changes seen, Samulnori performers retained the dress code which was being used by the Pungmul performers.As mentioned earlier, the performance of Samulnori was characterized by the use of four instruments. However, each one of them had both its own distinctive symbol and the role it played (each instrument had something it represented and also, something was compared to). For instance, kkwenggwari, which was a small handheld gong often made of either silver or gold trace, was played by the person leading a given group (all groups were led by a kkwenggwari player). The leader played the instrument by the use of the bamboo mallet. This instrument represented a star but in terms of comparison, it was compared

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay ExampleRhetoric Analysis of Martin Luther Kings Speech I guard a envisage The dramatistic pentad was developed by Kenneth Burke and forms the foundation of dramatism and rhetoric analysis. The pentad requires cardinal to use a metaliguistic approach in analyzing stories in order to carefully investigate the uses and roles of rhetoric elements (Burgchardt, 2010). The five rhetoric elements of act, scene, agent, agency and purpose are common to all narratives and are what forms the dramatistic pentad. Using the pentad, one cease evaluate the emphasis that is given by the story teller on each of the five elements and get to understand the motive and the behavior of the characters in the story. wholeness can also get the characters worldview by analyzing the issues they stress with regard to the five elements of rhetoric. In applying the pentad to analyze Kings lecture, one can be able to determine that his world view is that of freedom and equality of a ll people regardless of their racial backgrounds (Burgchardt, 2010). The speech was issued as the shopping center of a elegant rights movement march to Washington for freedom and jobs. Dr. King had been an ardent supporter of the civil rights movement in America and he utilise this speech to give the African Americans and other minority racial groups in America hope that they would no longer be discriminated against in the rising. The speech was issued on August 28th, 1963 at the Lincoln memorial. The speech can be analyzed using the five elements of the pentad as shown below (Burgchardt, 2010). Act Several civil right movements had organized for a march of freedom in support of the bill that was due for discussion in congress seeking to treat African Americans and other minority races as equal members of the American society. The peaceful demonstration was attended by about 300000 people with African Americans estimated to be about 75-80% of those in attendance (Burgchardt, 201 0). There were fascinating speeches from various leaders of the civil rights movement to address the mass but it was Martin Luthers speech, I have a Dream that had a big impact. The other speeches addressed several issues of the civil rights movement at the time but Dr. Kings speech came out as more appealing to the people as it dealt with issues of freedom and equality. The other people who gave their speeches include Wilkins, John Lewis, and Walter Reuther, all of whom were renowned civil rights activists (Burgchardt, 2010). Dr. Kings speech did not only address the equality and freedom issues, but was also looked at as a symbol of optimism that things would get better in future for everybody with regard to equality. Scene The daytime was colored by powerful speeches from the leaders present, several people who had turned out to support the civil rights movement, among them popular celebrities and singers. This day marked a turning point in the American civil rights movement by b ringing together all the Americans to support equality as opposed to divided responses that the calls for equality had received before. The protestors were cheered by several people who were watching from their windows and on television. The police department in Washington had anticipated for ferocious scenes to occur during the protest and they had prepared for a full police escort (Burgchardt, 2010). Instead, the people maintained peace throughout the marching process. Some media reports had indicated that the turnout would be very small but to the

Rules of Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rules of Evidence - Assignment Exampleif it is offered to prove a fact that is at issue in the case.(DiCarlo 2008) For shew to be considered admissible it has to show motive, plan, intent, or lack of mistake or, in federal court, to imp from each one a witnesss credibility (DiCarlo 2008).In the recent case against a man named Duena who is currently facing the death sentence after denied appeals he had been charged with killing police officeholder 1n 1997 .The evidence presented can be said to be both circumstantial and direct. Circumstantial evidence needs to be further interfered with so as to connect it to the veridical crime. Some of the circumstantial evidence presented in this case is the murder weapon with Duenas finger prints on it, another circumstantial piece of evidence in this case is the use of computer animation to illustrate that this crime was actually predetermined. It has also been determined that he was at the scene of the crime when the police officer was shot d ead (Ansari 2012)According to Californian law substitutions of evidence are the alternatives to normal contemporary evidence provided in court to show prove that a crime was committed. These are useful to the court when circumstantial and direct evidence are both unavailable. The prosecution or defence is allowed to use substitutions of evidence when presenting actual information that is well known by the general public and can prove their arguments. Another substitute to evidence is when alluding to the testimony of an expected witness.Jury survival of the fittest is the method of choosing individuals who will serve in a judicial trial. This procedure involves the participation of both the prosecution and the defence and the whole process is overseen by the render on the particular case. Suitable group of jury members are presented before the prosecution and the defence in the presence of a judge, these potential jurors are each asked questions related to the case .This ensures t here is no bias or personal affiliation with the case

Results And Conclusion of Research Process Essay

Results And Conclusion of Research Process - Essay ExampleSince these sources of cultivation are very reliable, they give the actual situation of the issue of teenage maternal quality (Nicoletti 2004). This information is then used to develop other better programs that will make teenage pregnancy a thing of the past and help in alleviating poverty among the American population. One of the steps used in ensuring the safety of the subjects involved in this explore was through ensuring that the questionnaires they filled were anonymous. They were also informed of the electromotive force risks and dangers that they had in participating in the study. One of the risk factor could be that the information they gave out could be accessed by other persons (Nicoletti 2004). They were given details involving the seek in full including the intention of carrying out the study and how the information they gave could be used. The subjects were then required to sign a voluntary informed consent. The measure of reliability and validity of the info obtained was used made through the use of various analysis tools. Since the information was obtained from whole population, it was believed to valid since it was completely representative. For the quantitative data, various calculations such(prenominal) as the means, variance and standard deviation were carried out to measure its reliability. However, since the research was manly qualitative, reliability was ensured through the observation of the data sets. The subjects were also given ii similar tests at different times and the scores from these test correlated using various correlation measures. This being mainly a qualitative study, data analysis was mainly aimed at giving deeper insight into the study by showing patterns. Qualitative data also gives details of information that cannot be represented in numerical format such as feelings, behavior and attitude. It also opens the topic to greater areas which may be considered in future studies. It also helps in the simulation of the unique personal experiences which can help in understanding why people act or be kick in in the way they do (Neinstein 2008). This also help to prevent prejudgment making the data collected from the research more reliable. In this study, the method of analysis that was used was deductive approach. The research was conducted based on various theories that exact been developed about teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is a topic that has attracted the attention of many scholars leading to the increase of various theories regarding tit. This research used the theories and information obtained previously on this topic to analyze the data obtained from this research. This has been very effective because it made it easy for new information on the topic to be realized. The inductive approach would not have been very effective for this study since it works well on research areas which have been remotely researched on. Using induct ive approach on this topic would have a lower success rate of adding new information to this area which has already been widely researched on. The data analysis procedure involved the comparing of teen pregnancy data from different countries in Europe and America. This helped in answering the research question on whether the rates of teenage pregnancy in high in America compared to other countries. It also involved the analysis of the program that have been instituted at the state level such as sex

Depression in adolescents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Depression in adolescents - Essay ExampleSome researchers have suggested that even among psychiatrists . . . the extent of the damage caused by depression is vastly underestimated. (Empfield, 2001) Further, it is logical to argue that major depression causes more long-term human misery than any other single disease. (Empfield, 2001) diagnosing and treating such a disease as early as possible in an individuals life whitethorn enable it to be effectively eradicated for their later years. plot of land some early childhood depression does occur, the condition mainly appears in the teenage years. It will remain with the patient, become episodic or cause forceful symptoms such as suicide if it is left untreated.The causes of depression in general be still somewhat controversial within the medical community situational and biological theories often conflict, while those that argue for a situational and biological cause are perhaps gaining ground. The physical features of the brain of pe rson suffering from depression/who are apt to depression. As Cynthia Haines puts it, there is absolute proof that people suffering from depression have changes in their brains . . . the hippocampus, a part of the brain that is vital to the storage of memories, is olive-sized in those people. (Haines, 2005) A smaller hippocampus has less serotonin receptors, and it appears that serotonin is important for the brain to communicate with the body, as well as a regulator of mood. A lack of serotonin appears to cause depression.There are also genetic causes of depression, or at least the propensity to become depressed seems to black market in families. As Haines (2005) puts it, children, siblings and parents of people with severe depression are much more likely to suffer from depression than are members of the general population. However, despite legitimate searching, scientists have yet to discover the gene that may cause depression. (Alpert, 2005) The fact that both psychosocial and biological factors cause and maintain depression seems accepted, but the exact carriage in which they combine is not certain.One reason that teenagers appear to suffer from more depression than other groups may be the quality of life estimates that individuals constantly make. As milling machine et al (2005) suggest, quality of life reflects the patients overall perceived satisfaction or quality. . . . Teenagers often have a much lower perception of their lives than other age-groups, overdue to the physical, emotional, psychological and economic changes that are occurring to them. Teenage depression may express itself in different ways than adult depression. Thus teenagers may exhibit superfluous psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems. (www.focusus.com) Often these additional symptoms seem to swamp the signs of depression and so the teenager may be treated (and/or disciplined) for the symptoms of depression when in fact the cause is not loo ked at. Thus a teenager who is suffering from depression may swallow alcohol excessively, indulge in highly risky behavior or take drugs. These acts will be more visible than the underlying depression, and so are easier to latch onto for parents, school authorities and the police. Another complication is the fact that parents need to be able to identify the

Roman Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

popish Art - Essay Exampleially the Archaic purpose had several rigid rules of representation to be adhered to, and although they changed over time during that period, the beginnings were strict. In the sculpture of standing figures what has been termed the law of frontality was enforced till close to the end of the 6th century. This placement consisted of the figures being posed looking straight ahead, standing straight, the eyes often appeared more than bulbous, never truly sunken in and the ears were usually rigid for esthetic purpose and not for anatomical correctness, usually being placed too high on the head. Even the hair was arranged in an almost geometrical pattern like style. (Chase 46) We see the law of frotnality readily apparent in both figures. The stance of Hercules is perhaps more naturalistic and relaxed and does not wipe out the left foot forward. However, the Wounded Warrior does and is more representational of the Archaic Style.Notably and fortunately missi ng from this period are some of the other Archaic element. The Roman art made correction for anatomy and the figures ears and eyes are more in proportion with their figures as well as being anatomically correct. another(prenominal) feature that has been lost ois what was termed the Archaic Smile of this period in Grecian sculpture (Chase 47) This grimace is a rather too happy sort of smile that one might not expect from the more stoic aspects of this period. It seems often out of place and unnatural. Many critics felt that this was simply an attempt by the mechanic of the time to add some personality or expression to the face. The Roman art lost this appellation and created more natural figure. There is an overall more natural state, the figure and the face seem to be responding to their environment and are not contrived or artificially posed as in the Greek Archaic styles.The Wounded Warrior is actually a copy made of a Greek original from the Archaic period of the fifth century . At first it seems that the warrior

Country Risk Analysis-China Essay Example for Free

Country Risk Analysis- china Es judgeWith the development of sparing globalization, conflicting c all(prenominal) for investment (FDI) is increasingly creation recognized as an primary(prenominal) factor in the economic development of countries. Although FDI began centuries ago, the biggest growth has occurred in recent years. This growth resulted from several(prenominal) factors, particularly the more receptive attitude of politicss to investment inflows, the process of privatization, and the growing interdependence of the world economy. Team B allow for perform a clownish risk analysis to ensure that endeavors of investing into the Chinese markets are warranted. Initial maskingGreater China has been one of the intimately dynamic areas in the world economy. With the entry of the China into the World Trade Organization, Chinas financial markets emerge on the frontier of economic reform and openness. Financial serve also provide the most exciting foreign return line o pportunities in China. However, the recent Asian financial crisis illuminates the problems in Chinas state-run enterprises and an ill-functioning banking system.This paper is looking for the agate line opportunity of financial services industry in China. It will begin from the study of the acclivitous economies to explain why the specific region was chose. The research of this paper also includes melodic phrase analysis in China, a review of profit sufficient industry, the business entry strategy and its functional areas operate in China. At the end, the future strategy and the recommendations will be discussed for the further steps in this investment.Potentials/FDILooking at the environmental factors of China, the economic development it has undergone in the past 15 years is of increasing interest to marketers. It has developed and continues to grow into a great business partner. If this growth pattern continues, China will someday have significant economic influence on the wor ld. One reason China could have a particularly bulky effect is due to the cast of Chinese citizens. China supports all over 1.29 billion people and this number is increasing by .93%. If the standard of vivification persists and income levels rise, it would be accomplishable to accept the Chinese as potential consumers that would unlock a huge marketof individuals.The massive cosmos has been a burden on China because the economy, as it stands now, can non bear to support such a number of citizens. The government is trying to gain control of this problem by limiting the number of children to one per house ease up, with exceptions to ethnic minorities and those living in rural areas. Other countries are crack their services to attempt to control the birthrate by showing the government that cosmos control can be managed with out(a) a coercive and involuntary approach. The government has been losing its authority due to political changes and popular resistance that make populatio n standards difficult to maintain. Therefore, some projections still approximate that 1.6 billion will make up Chinas population by the year 2025.Countries wishing to take advantage of Chinas emerging opportunities are investing a large amount of time, effort and money in order to access such a vast market. These possibilities were made possible when China started its reform in 1978, opening its doors to foreign investments and trade. This changed a self-reliant central economy into a mixed economy that combined state have enterprises and nonpublic businesses. China could now allow individual citizens to have different amounts of incomes. The results have changed China dramatically making it the fastest growing economy for 15 years. When the reforms began in 1978, 60 percent of the population earned less than $1 a day. Since the reform, GDP has grown steadily by an average of 9 percent. In the year 2000, GDP grew by 8 percent. Currently, per capita is equivalent to $3600 and as t he economy continues to expand the purchasing power of individuals will increase as well.The new economic reform policy intends to reduce central planning and increase business autonomy and spread income. Many problems still exist, despite the success of the policy and rapid economic growth. There is a movement for more privatization of some State Owned Enterprises because umteen remain unprofitable. In the year 2000, 46.5% of the SOEs were running at a loss. These problems stem from the socialist system that is still in place under their Constitution. Under the Chinese Constitution, it is theresponsibility of the government to manage the economy by actor of production quotas and price setting. This apparent contradiction between the reform policy and the Constitution (1982) seem to work against each other. China will never keep an eye on at full potential unless it retires the Marxist views and embraces a market directed system.Economic IndicatorsChinas economic growth remains quite high due to the large investments from the United States and Europe. The labor firmament has a competitive edge with the rest of the globe now, where outsourcing of work to China is a priority among the large corporations. The Second Screening tries to look at more specific types of economic indicators to determine the risk and safety for a foreign company to invest in China, a plain that has a communist government. correspond to the World Economic Forum, China has moved up from 33 to 39 in their 2002-2003 Growth Competitive Index patch the IMD has mainland China listed as number 12. Summary data can be accessed below.In terms of trade surplus, there are fluctuations all the time due to the business cycle. Not all cycles of goods and services in China fall into predictable patternsChinas trade surplus in March fell to $6.9 billion, well below forecasts and pull down sharply from Februarys $23.7 billion surplus, reports AP.It was not clear whether the drop in March was the result of government efforts or would have a lasting impact.(www.metrics2.com)http//www.metrics2.com/blog/economic_indicators/ ostentation is something that remains as long as prices keep going up, and there are no controls of prices. The Chinese communist government does have strict controls over the Chinese bullion. Its central bank controls the overall balance of payments within the country when dealing with foreign investors, as the United States.Chinas consumer price index (CPI) rose 5.3 percent year-on-year in July, mainly due to the lagging effect of price hikes at the end of 2003 and one-time factors, said the monthly report released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Thursday. The July pompousness rate was 0.3 percentage points higher than the 5 percent rise in June, making it the secondconsecutive month that Chinas inflation exceeded 5 percent.Currency ConvertibilityCurrency in China is called the Renminbi and although it tries to be strictly controlled by the C hinese government, the currency competes on the world currency market just like the American dollar and the Euro. The currency is tied to the economic health of the country in terms of balance of payments. Sometimes this is difficult to understand because of the globalized world economies today, where e rattling country deals in all of the worlds currencies. International corporation for example can pay for goods and services in any form of currency.The official currency of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is Renminbi (meaning in Chinese peoples currency). The Peoples Bank of China, the PRCs monetary authority, issues the Chinese currency. The official ISO 4217 abbreviation of Chinas currency is CNY, but it is also abbreviated as RMB. Colloquially, the Chinese currency is also called Yuan and Kuai.(www.danwei.org)Gross national ProductChina is likely to declare itself the worlds fourth largest economy next week, having leapfrogged Italy, France and Britain, after a widely expect ed revision of its annual gross domestic product figures.Economists say the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), which is due to release part of the results of its first national economic census on December 20, is likely to put a ofttimes bigger figure on the size of Chinas services sector. Political and Legal barriers to doing business in ChinaThe Peoples Republic of China is a dichotomy of polishs and lifestyles. While maintaining the culture of an old world, there is a marked representation of Western culture all over the larger cities in the country. However, anyone wishing to do business in China will have to know and understand both cultures, and all the legal and political implications involved in doing creating a successful presence in China.In China, the first step in doing business is to have a legal framework to operate your business. You need a legitimate platform to entrap your business venture. It is not advisable to use proxy or another Chinese company to conduct b usiness in China (www.seve.gr). While the most obvious barriers to doing business in China include tariffs and other financiallimitations, there are some non-tariff barriers that could inhibit a business from doing business in China.Entry BarriersGovernments often provide trade consultations and administrative guidance to companies to facilitate implementation of their respective industrial policies. In some countries the role of government whitethorn take the form of a caretaker, coordinator and leader providing guidance, coordination and arbitration. In order to achieve these goals, governments use such tactics as licensing, foreign permutation allocations and quotas. These tactics could inject with free trade and become a barrier to market entry (www.foxweb.marist.edu).Profit Remittance BarriersFinancial controls may take the form of exchange controls, multiple exchange rates, and prior import deposits, as well as credit restrictions and profit remittance restrictions. Exchange controls limit the amount of currency that can be taken abroad. Such controls limit the amount of currency an importer can obtain to pay for the goods purchased. It also limits the amount of currency an exporter receives for goods sold and the length of time it can hold the currency (www.foxweb.marist.edu).Prior to 2005, most businesses in China were state-owned and it was virtually impossible for non-state businesses to enter the Chinese market. However, in 2005, China lifted trade barriers that would allow private businesses to invest in the infrastructure, industry and utilities of China.Although the government has displayed support for the development of non-state economy in recent years, there are still barriers to the development of the private sector especially in the power and oil industries. Even in Shanghai where the private economy booms, the non-state business often faces many limits from various industries (www.English.peopledaily.com).Cultural IssuesChinas estimated population for 2007 is greater than 1,321,800,000 with a relatively small cohort. (CIA, 2007) The median agein China is 33.2 (32.7 male and 33.7 female).Exhibit 1 (CIA, 2007)Life expectancy is estimated at 72.88 years. Seven out of every 1,000 people die each year. Infant mortality rate is 22.12 per every 1,000 births (20.01 male and 24.47 female). (CIA, 2007). The Chinese ethnic population is 91.9% Han Chinese while the remain 8.1% is made up of Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other.Exhibit 2 (Cyborlink, n.d.)Culturally, China ranks highest in long-term orientation. This dimension indicates a familiaritys time perspective and an attitude of preserving that is, overcoming obstacles with time, if not with will and strength. (Cyborlink, n.d.) Geert Hofstede has conducted many cultural analyses and ranked China the lowest in Asia in regards to individualism. This is thought to be in part to an emphasis on a Collectivist fellowship by Communis t rule. Culturally, the Chinese are close and committed to family and relationships and loyalty is considered very important.Hofstede also noted that China ranks 80 in regards to power outer space while the rest of Asia averages 60 and the rest of the world averages 50. This is indicative of a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society. This condition is not necessarily forced up the population, but rather accepted by the society as their cultural heritage. (Cyborlink, n.d.) In regard religions, China is an atheistic society (94%) while only three to four percent are Taoist, Buddhist, or Christian, and one to two percent are Muslim.Education in China is very important. Two years before the dawn of the 21st Century the Chinese government proposed an ambitious plan intended to expand university enrollment to ensure a greater output of professional and specialized graduates. (Cyborlink, n.d.) The governments goal is to develop an elite of world-class universities. Today, 90.9% of the Chinese population is literate person yet, only 85.5% of Chinese females are literate compared to 95.1% of Chinese males are literate.The 2006 estimated Chinese labor force consisted of 798 million people withan official unemployment rate of 4.2% for urban areas. Unemployment and underemployment rates for rural areas are considerably higher. According to the 2006 labor estimates, 45% of the labor force was involved in agriculture 24% industry and 31% services.Exhibit 3 (CIA, 2007)Competitive forcesNumber, size and financial strengthWith this being a relatively new product idea there is very little competition. That is not to say that there is no competition. Similar software exists however it does not take into account the end user. Most fashion software is for the designer more so than the consumer. Our software allows people put in there body type and shape and then see how clothes would look on you before you ever step foot in a store. grocery shareWith a v ery small number of competitors is allows for firms to have very large shares of the market. We understand that being brand new we will not be able to have the entire market, however within the first three months we expect to grow it by a factor three. This is very ambitious but we facial expression with our strategic partnerships and quality product we should be the market leader within the first 18 months.Marketing strategiesOur marketing strategy will be to sort our self with an established fashion label(s). We will use there good name to help promote our product as a product address of the clothes.DistributionWe will distribute our products through online stores as well as their contemporary bricks and mortar counterpart. We feel this is the best over all solution to get the product into the hands of as many people as possible. The competition utilizes the internet as well as physical stores as well so we must do both as well.Modes of entryAs for the mode of entry, we have d ecided that because of the bureaucratic red tape associated with doing business in china it would be most full if we combined our efforts with an already established clothing company. That way we would not have to launch a completely new company however just furcate out as a different product line to an existingbrand. We will probably use price skimming as this type of software will be aimed at consumers who are willing to pay a premium for fashion. Also they might perceive a lower price as a lower quality product.An alternative mode of entry could be if we sold our software to multiple clothing makers and allow them to use the software as a tool. This also would eliminate some of the governmental procedures. This solution would also get the product out and into more users. The products of this industry are services, it is extremely important to build good relationship with customer and build customer loyalty in long term. This issue is currently managed by the group successfully. The only gainsay is to keep the standard when entering the China market.In the highly competitive business atmosphere currently occurring in China, there is a large shortfall of qualified employees. Many companies are eager to attract as many skilled professionals as possible, especially in financial services industry. Local business giants realize the urgency and magnitude of their needs. Besides the great number of expatiate executives, management-training companies in Shanghai have mushroomed to several thousand to provide the management talent.In conclusion, with the speed up of world economic integration process and the gradual opening of financial market after Chinas entry into WTO, China financial services sector will have to face more powerful competition and challenges from overseas intruders. China will be stepping up infrastructure development and offering equal opportunities to both the foreign banks and the domestics. It also is a greater opportunity for WF to take a step in sharing the market.ReferencesChina lifts barriers of private business into monopolized industries. (2005). Retrieved April 21, 2007 from http//english.peopledaily.com.cn/200501/20/eng20050120_171269.htmlCIA. (2007, April). China. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from The World Fact Bookhttps//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.htmlCyborlink. (n.d.). China. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from International Business

Current Trends in the War on Terror Essay Example for Free

Current Trends in the War on Terror EssayAs the world is cowering in terror from the 9/11 glide slopes and the bombing incidents in Indonesia and new(prenominal) parts of the world, the worlds attention is shifted now to where the comings may occur next and what jackpot be done to incubate the situation. Some suggest that the answer lies in being subject to suppress and perhaps eliminate all of the terrorist cells all everyplace the world. The problem there, however, is that any attack that is targeted at eliminating terrorist cells would necessarily involve any host country where they may be located and in any Middle Eastern country, such an attack could prove disastrous (Campbell Flourney 372). The more than practical and ideal solution to this problem therefore lies at a more fundamental level a more basic level wherein the country has more controls and no international liability (Kochler 37). The solution to this problem is by improving b devote security in order to prevent the occurrence of these terrorist attacks while the international community seeks for answers to address this problem at a global scale. At this point in time, domestic policies would be the best option in fighting the war against terror.This short discourse exit therefore seek to shed light on the issue of terrorism and the crucial role that the border security plays in such. To gain a better understanding of the problem, it is important to first analyze the current trends that have been interpreted relative to border security to ensure the safety of the public from terrorist attacks. This will then be supplemented by an explanation on how border security can take an even larger role. The most crucial aspect in relation to border security and its role in the war against terror concerns the aviation industry.Since the 9/11 attacks, the public confidence with regard to air travel has greatly been shaken (Taylor 2). The attacks had the effect of sending a message that now, e ven airplanes could be used as missiles to target buildings regardless of whether there were people on board the aircraft of not. Every plane crash that is reported on the news is hazard to have been caused by a terrorist attack rather than just an equipment malfunction or a pilot error. In response to these attacks, security has been considerably change magnitude in airports all over the world.Every passenger is now subject to a full body search and every hand carried and checked in item is thoroughly inspected for any suspicious objects that can either cause an explosion or aid a hijacker in gaining control over the aircraft (Campbell Flourney 52). The impact has not been limited to airport security as even airplane manufacturers and airlines have resorted to installing devices and taking precautions with regard to what to do in gaucherie an airplane is hijacked.One of the safety measures that have been suggested and is highly debated is the issuing of arms for the pilots so t hat they may be able to defend themselves against any terrorist hijackers that are able to force themselves into the cockpits (Lott 1). The current controversy with regard to airline security concerns the plan to equip the pilots of airplanes with weapons in order to protect themselves from any hijackers that manage to enter the cockpit (Taylor 2).This proposal is of course faced with a lot of opposition because of the implications of allowing pilots to be armed in aircrafts. There is a lot of concern with regard to the security of the other passengers on board just in case the armed pilots do decide to turn on the other co-pilots and hijack the aircraft themselves or hold passengers as hostages for whatever purpose. The proponents for arming the pilots argue that it is the best option because the pilots need to defend themselves against the terrorist hijackers (Keeler 151).The problem with this is that it negates the training of the pilots which is that in times such as hijackings they are not supposed to deal with the terrorists but quite secure the cockpit and land the plane as soon as possible (Will 1). The concern here is that the plane should be landed right away in order to protect not only the passengers but also the people on the ground who may compose targets or victims as the 9/11 experience has shown.The duty of the pilot is not concern himself with whatever goes on in the cabin but instead make sure that the plane is safely on the ground where there are more units who can deal with the situation properly. Pilots are not adequately trained to deal with hijacking situations in terms of dealing directly with the terrorist hijackers (Will 1). Another argument for the arming of the pilots is that such a measure is only designed to protect the pilots from terrorist hijackers who succeed in gaining entry into the cockpit (3).While there as some merit to this precautionary measure, there is no guarantee that the armed pilots will do just that. There a re instances when certain people, pilots included, enter a cowboys or renegade mode (Will 1). Most of the pilots have received a mark of military training as fighter pilots and there is some truth to the profiling of fighter pilots live wires and risk-takers (Will 1). The end result in these situations could be that instead of protecting the cockpit and landing the plane like they are supposed to, a number of these former fighter pilots could engage the terrorist hijackers.

Application Questions Essay Example for Free

Application Questions Essay1. The first stage is Bodily self-importance. In this stage, infants become certified of their own existence and distinguish their own bodies from objects in the environment (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica has a sense of humor. She often feels frustrated as she takes care of her children and loses her temper. She is able to joke more or less her fatigue later. The next stage is Self-identity. Children realize that their identity remains intact despite the many changes that are taking place. Monica is 38 years old extend at home mother of four children. The third stage is Self-esteem. Children learn to take pride in their accomplishments (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is insecure about not having attended college. She doesnt think of herself as unintelligent, but sees herself as uneducated and defers to others with a better education.The fourth stage is Extension of self. In this stage, children come to sleep with the object and population that ar e part of their own world. Monica is a good mother and a mother of fourth. She takes care of her childrens physical and emotional needs. The fifth stage is Self-image. Children bring actual and idealized images of themselves and their behavior and become aware of satisfying parental expectations (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is aware of the fact that she looks intimidating and angry. She is self-conscious of her frown lines.The sixth stage is Self as rational coper. Children begin to apply reason and logic to the solution of everyday problems (Schultz Schultz 2009). Clutter and messiness bothers her. She cleans the two bathrooms every day, vacuums, dusts, picks up toys, and so forth. The net stage is Propriate striving. In this stage young people begin to formulate long-range goals and plans (Schultz Schultz 2009). Monica is considering going back to school to earn an associates power point in Legal Business Studies and becoming a legal assistant.2. Cardinal traits are the mo st perverse and powerful human trait (Schultz Schultz 2009). These traits dominate a persons behavior and ruling passion. Central traits are the handful of outstanding traits that describe a persons behavior (Schultz Schultz 2009). These traits describe our behavior. The vicarious traits are the least important traits which a person may display inconspicuously and inconsistently (Schultz Schultz 2009). Only a close friend may recognize these traits. Monicas has a large amountof central traits. Her friends describe her as being fiercely loyal, supportive, and talkative. She is also a perfectionist and neurotic about cleaning.3. The functional impropriety propose that the motive of a mature, emotion onlyy health adults are not functionally connected to the prior experiences in which they initially appeared (Schultz Schultz 2009). An addictive behavior that Monica has is that she tries to nutriment her house spotless. She cleans the two bathrooms every day, vacuums, dusts, picks up toys, and so forth. She is neurotic about cleaning.4. Prorim is a term for the ego or self (Schultz Schultz 2009). It seems as if Monica understands who she is as a unique individual. Monicas cleaning, need for order, and ability to laugh at herself helps aid in her individuality.5. Propriate striving is when young people begin to formulate long-range goals and plans (Schultz Schultz 2009).Her goals is to go back to school to get an associates degree in Legal Business Studies and become a legal assistant after all her children are in middle school. She is also able to accept her feelings of frustration as she takes care of her kids and her forgetfulness.Theory Comparison Questions1. Allport criteria for mental health, is that he believed that mature adults watch a unifying philosophy or a set of values. These values help give a purpose to their life. They apply propriate self-extension to their friends, family, hobbies, and work. A healthy constitution is made up of compassi onate and loving relationships. The compassionate and loving relationship has to be free of possessiveness and jealousy. Emotional security and self acceptance is another criteria. climb on individuals bottom sustain all the frustrations of life that cant be avoided without losing their position and giving into to self-pity. Mature individuals have a realistic orientation towards themselves and others. They can economic survive without becoming defensive. The final thing is that they havedeveloped an accurate self insight their desirable and disagreeable qualities.2. Allports propriate striving is believed to be the core problem for adolescents. The adolescent selects goals that they want to obtain for an occupation or any other life goal. They realize that their future must entail them adjacent a plan and they lose their childhood. Jung believed that self-realization is the balance between various opposing forces of personality. It is list of opposites such as introverted and e xtraverted, rational and irrational, conscious and unconscious mind , and past events and future expectations. Maslow self-actualization is the fullest development of the self (Schultz Schultz 2009).A person is able to able to grow towards achieving their highest needs in life. Self-actualization depends on the maximum realization and fulfilment of our potentials, talents, and abilities. If the person is not self-actualizing, he or she go away be restless frustrated, and discontent (Schultz Schultz 2009). Rogers believe that individuals can accomplish their goals, wishes and desires. If this is done this is self realization. Rogers wanted to conflate the real self and the ideal self. When these two combine, the fully functioning person emerges.3. The proprium is a term developed for the self or ego. This includes the aspects of the personality that are classifiable and thus appropriate to our emotional state. Before he proprium begins to emerge, the infant experiences no self c onsciousness, and no awareness of self. The proprium will develop gradually and steadily, and the child will achieve positive psychological growth. Rogers believe that the self develops through interaction with others. Rogers believes that the concept of self is present when the child is born.ReferenceAshcraft, D. M. (2012). Personality theories workbook (5th ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E. (2009). Theories of personality (9th ed.). Belmont, CAWadsworth.

Competition Between The Three Major Supermarkets Economics Essay

Competition Between The Three Major Supermarts economics EssayFor my Extended Essay, I decided to investigate the competition among the threesome major(ip) super market places in my local anesthetic atomic number 18a, and whether they interact or non, prompting my inquiry question To what finish do the greatr supermarkets in my local argona collude with all(prenominal) other? By analysing data collected on pricing from the three supermarkets, it was found that two of the three supermarkets at hand colluded tacitly with distributively other, on a sink floor and oligopoly market organise. The prices of fifteen identical prices were recorded across a period span of three weeks. The analyses of these prices lead to two conclusions. Firstly, it was found that two supermarkets colluded with all(prenominal) other, but still had non-price competition between them. This was main(prenominal)(prenominal)ly callable to the advantage of the two stores acting as a monopoly by charging the same price. This allowed the two supermarkets to puff supernormal profit, which in turn they used to create a stronger brand loyalty, and gum olibanum, a more inelastic pauperism mold. Secondly, it was found one of the supermarkets was undercutting the other two supermarkets prices. The main reason for this was that the supermarket could gain great revenue at the time by undercutting rivals, referable to having more customers. These findings show that there was collusion between larger supermarkets in my area, but not between all supermarkets. Finally, the essay could be improved if I included more products in my data collection, as easy as collecting the data over a vaster time period.1. INTRODUCTIONTesco, Asda and Sainsburys are the three main supermarkets that constitute weekly shopping for the public in my local area, west Charlton. These three supermarkets are recognised for their vast range in goods and at affordable prices. It is no surprise then that in hurt of market share, they each comprise the top three places for having the close market share in the U.K.1 During the last couple of years, though, I have noticed that many an(prenominal) of the small supermarkets in the same area have begun to oddment down.Since enrolling in the IB Higher Economics course and studying market structures in particular, Ive developed an recreate into how supermarkets debate with each other, or even, how they collude together. Maybe, given their large hold of the market share, the benefits from collusion would be unmatchable pard to other smaller supermarkets, in cost of augmentd sales revenue. Also, formal collusion, one of two forms of collusion, is illegal as it goes against the Competition Act 1998 (the Act) Chapter 12. in that respectfore, the look into question I have formulated is To what extent do the larger supermarkets in my local area collude with each other?To be able to explore this research question, I get out commencement present a summary of the supermarkets, where the characteristics of them will be described. This will lead on to my next section where I will discuss relevant suppositional market structures and relate economic theories to them. After I have presented these theories, I will hypothesise which market structure is adequate for the supermarkets present, thus creating a commensurate research design where the prices of correspondent products will be compared. Finally, I will analyse the collected data and prove or disprove my research question, lead to a conclusion of my essay and exploring possible limitations.2. MARKET SUMMARYIn the area I am studying there are three main supermarkets Asda, Tesco and Sainsburys, situated in West Charlton (appendix 1.1). Each supermarket is interchangeable in size, satisfying the vast necessarily of the inhabitants in the area. It is worth mentioning that due to the supermarkets creation of a real(a) size structurally, there must have been large start up costs. Each of the three engages in non-price competition. This includes things such(prenominal) as advertising on T.V, having lay areas and the use of brand names. The offerings of these services are in the attempt to attract more customers. Take for example, Asda, which has parking as well as various sectors to its stores such as electrical and clothing sections as well as groceries. The aim of this is that customers bunghole visit only this store by satisfying all their needs from the vast offers of goods. Furthermore, each supermarket advertises their brand names to gain more customers due to the brand loyalty it has established. This could make their demand curve more inelastic, meaning that an increase in the price of a good would result in the increased revenue exceeding the reduction of quantity sold (appendix 1.2).These three supermarkets also ordain the majority of market share, as I have mentioned. Lastly, it is worth mentioning that Sainsburys and Asda are o pen for 24 hours from Tuesday to F disengageay, otherwise it is from 7 in the morning to 11 in the evening. Tesco are open from 7 to 11 everyday, apart from Sunday when they open an hour later and close an hour earlier. I dont think that the slightly lesser hours that Tesco is opened during the week will affect my research much, or at all. This is due to the fact that I dont believe Tesco make much of their sales between midnight and 7 in the morning.3. MARKET STRUCTURE THEORIESI will now present the four types of market structure theories and their assumptions. I will not going into great detail on the structure of a monopoly as this is not a possible market structure for the supermarkets, given the fact that there is evidently more than one watertight in the area. This is the same for perfect competition, as the goods produced by supermarkets are not identical.Firstly, I will present the market structure of a monopolistic competition. The assumptions of this market structure are3 * The industry is make up by a large number of firms* The firms each act separately of each other, due to each firm being small, relative to the size of the industry* The firms produce differentiated products consumers understructure tell one product from another* Firms are free to enter and breathe out the industry, due to lack of barriers to entry and exit* Firms are able to make freakish earnings in the short run, however due to lack of barriers to entry this attracts other firms into the industry. This means that in the long run, only normal profits are able to be doDue to the fact that the supermarkets in question are of a substantial size, I believe that the start up cost in itself will be of a great barrier to entry. Also, I dont believe the industry I am examining is made up of a large number of firms, as there are only three supermarkets of their type in the local area.Another market structure that the supermarkets could come under is an oligopoly. These are the basic assumption of an Oligopoly4* A few firms dominate the industry* There are barriers to entry and/or exit for the industry* The firms are price makers as they have a downward sloping demand curve* The firms are interdependent the action of one firm can have an effect on another* brachydactylic profits can be made both in the short run and long runIn addition to these assumptions, firms in an Oligopoly can be either collusive or non-collusive.Non collusive oligopolies face price stability due to the kinked demand curve. This is shown in figure 1.Figure 15Due to the kinked demand curve, price will be stabilized at price P. This happens as the expense elasticity of Demand (PED The responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price)6 above price P is greater than 1. This means that an increase in price above point P will result in a loss of revenue. Likewise, the PED below price P is less than one, meaning a reduction in price to this level will resul t in a loss of revenue again. Due to these factors, it is discursive that firms do not favour either move, so they are said to be stable at point P. This also results in the issue being stable at point Q as a change in marginal cost from MC1 to MC2 would still mean output would stay at Q. This is due to firms in this market structure producing at the profit maximising point, where MC=MR.7Firms in this market structure whitethorn also be collusive. This exists when the firms collude to prime the same prices for their products, in effect acting as a monopoly. There are two types of collusion, formal and tacit. Formal collusion exits when firms openly agree on the prices they will charge. In the case of supermarkets in the U.K, it is illegal for this to occur as it is deemed to be going against the interest of the consumer due to it resulting in less output and high prices. Tacit collusion, however, exists when firms charge the same prices without any formal collusion. The three su permarkets in question may have decided to charge the same prices and not compete with each other, in order to increase revenue. This is represented in figure 2.Figure 28As shown in figure 2, firms can make atypical profits between their price and cost, due to the price exceeding the cost to the firm. This form of collusion is very possible as each supermarket is very similar to each other and all produce similar type goods.Firms in an Oligopoly can experience economies of outdo. Economies of scale are any decreases in the long-run norm costs that occur when a firm changes all of its factors of production, in order to increase its scale of output. There are a number of different economies of scale that can benefit a firm as it increases its scale of output. These can be 9* Specialisation- Firms can be more efficacious when they specialize in different areas of expertise* Division of labour- This is the breaking down of a longer production process into many smaller activities, ma king production more efficient by reducing unit of measurement costs* Bulk buying- As firms increase in scale they are often able to negotiate discounts with their suppliers, as they are buying more altogether. This reduces the firms cost of input, and thus their unit costs of production* Financial economies- Larger firms are able to get loans at lower interest rates, as they are seen as a lesser risk to lend money to than smaller firms, by the bankThe assumptions of a monopoly are as followed10* Only one firm producing the product at hand, so the firm is the industry* High barriers to entry and/or exit* Abnormal profits can be made in the long run, due to barriers to entryThis market structure is unlikely to be present in my research area as there are clearly more than firm in the same industry.Finally, the basic assumptions of perfect competition are* The industry is made up by many firms, so total output cannot be affected by one firm* The firms all produce homogeneous (exactly identical) products* No barriers to entry and/or exit* Producers and consumers all have perfect knowledge of the marketAgain, this market structure is unlikely to feature in my study, mainly due to the fact that there is product differentiation, as well as evident start up costs.4. HYPOTHESISAfter reviewing and comparing the discussed market summary and theories, I have hypothesised that the market structure the supermarkets are in are oligopoly. I have reached this hypothesis for the main reasons that* There are evident barriers to entry such as strong branding of products and start up costs* There are only three supermarkets in the local area, between them sharing about 64% of the market share.11In addition to these points, I believe tacit collusion between the three supermarkets would greatly benefit their competition with other smaller supermarkets in the area. It would also avoid unnecessary competition between each other, and perhaps result in gaining more customers.After hyp othesising that the three supermarkets are in an oligopoly, and thus capable of collusion, I will now be able to test my research question To what extent do the larger supermarkets in my local area collude with each other?5. RESEARCH DESIGNFor me to test my formulated research question, I will create a methodology. I will compare the prices of 15 different products across the three supermarkets. I will check the prices once every week for three weeks, so I can get a mean price at the end, making the result more reliable. I will make sure the prices of the same products are interpreted in the same time period, and where possible, use products produced in the U.K. This would avoid export costs affected and invalidating results. If not enough U.K based products can be found, I will make sure that any exported product used will have been exported from all supermarkets. This will maintain a degree of hardness in the research. I will also avoid products produced by the supermarkets thems elves. This would be because the cost of production may be very different from one supermarket compared to another, thus having a large impact on the final pricing. I will compare independent brands that feature across all three stores. Each supermarket in the area of West Charlton is located within one mile of each other.12In terms of the data collection, I will go to each supermarket and compare similar, or when possible, identical products and their prices. I will note down their current price at which they sell at. Also, I will go to each supermarket close to their opening times on Saturday, as on this day the stores all open at the same time. The reason for not going later on in the day is because of price reduction on non-durable goods that are set to expire. If I include goods which prices have just been reduced temporarily to get rid of lasting stock, it would not represent the overall pricing of the good in regular situations.Lastly, I will compare the prices using adequate means of analytic thinking thus deducing whether or not there is enough similar pricing evident to suggest collusion of some sort.6. DATA COLLECTION ANALYSISFirstly, I will present my data collected for the prices of 15 products from all three supermarkets, across a span of three weeks, once a week. Table 1 shows my findings of the prices.Table 1Source Prices collected by me for all supermarketsTo analyse the spread of the data, I will work out the type deviation for each product, which will evoke the spread of the data. A lower standard deviation would indicate a set of closer, similar prices, likewise a higher standard deviation would imply less chance of collusion evident.13The standard deviation for each product is represented in Table 2, along with the mean prices for each product over the three weeks.From the standard deviation, we can see they are all overall quite small, indicating the prices are all close to the mean price. This seems to indicate some form of collusion occurring between the supermarkets. However, there are some exceptions. For some goods the standard deviation is relatively high to the other products. Also, in most of these goods, such as soft drinks, crisp packs, pizza, ice cream and cooked chicken, it is Asda who feature the lowest price out of the three, while Tesco and Sainsburys have similar prices to each other. This seems to show that there is possible collusion between Tesco and Sainsburys, while Asda undercuts their prices.The similar pricing between Sainsburys and Tesco suggests a form of collusion, tacit or formal. I inquired to the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) about my findings. The OFT are a government based organisation that ensure businesses are fair and competitive.14 In a reply they statedAlthough similar prices might seem to suggest that companies are getting together to agree them, this is not necessarily the case. For example, one friendship might have independently decided to price at a level similar to anot her or both may have independently decided to behave in the same way.15As similar pricing does not necessarily mean formal collusion is taking place, I will assume that the two supermarkets are tacitly colluding, although this area may be needed to be researched into further for a definite result.As well as colluding, I have also noticed that there is evidence of non-price competition between Tesco and Sainsburys. This included things such as the use of advertising, free preservation and other services situated in the store themselves. This has lead to each supermarket gaining brand loyalty, and as a result, creating a more inelastic demand curve for their products. This is possibly another explanation of why these two supermarkets in particular where of a higher price overall, compared to the other supermarket, Asda.For the case of Asda, they have engaged in price war tactics, rather than forming a collusion. In this case, undercutting rivals may be beneficial to them by increasin g their sales revenue. This can be represented by game theory.SupermarketThe table shows that if both supermarkets lower price, they will make less revenue than if they had colluded. However, it is still tempting to undercut the other store as then that would lead to greater revenue. The highlighted box shows the possible situation at the moment, with Asda undercutting the other supermarkets thus increasing revenue. This choice making situation is known as the prisoners dilemma. 16Another explanation for the lower price offered by Asda for goods could be down to lower unit costs caused by a greater storage capacity. The supermarkets cost of storage mainly depends on the material used to build them, which is the surface area of the building. The level of output for the supermarket will depend on its storage capacity, so its volume area. As the size of a supermarket increases, the volume to surface area ratio increases. Therefore, the cost per unit overall will be much less than a sma ller supermarket, such as Sainsburys and Tesco.Lastly, from analysing my collected data, I have reached the conclusions* Tesco and Sainsburys collude by charging very similar prices, but still have non-price competition between them.* Asda competes with a price-war tactic, by undercutting the other two supermarkets.7. CONCLUSIONThe aim of my research was to investigate the type of competition, if any, between the three major supermarkets in my area, West Charlton. The question To what extent do the larger supermarkets in my local area collude with each other? prompted me to gather the pricing of 15 identical products across the three stores. The prices were taken every Saturday morning one a week for three weeks.I found that two of the three supermarkets had signs of collusion, while the third supermarket engaged in a price-war by undercutting the other two supermarkets.Firstly, Tesco and Sainsburys have similar prices to each other, while having higher prices than Asda. This was ma inly due to the two stores acting as a monopoly by colluding and charging similar prices. This meant that each firm could make abnormal profit, which they used to create greater brand loyalty, thus making the demand for their products more inelastic.Lastly, the final supermarket, Asda, engaged in price-war tactics. The main reason for this was due to the idea of gaining more revenue as indicated by the prisoners dilemma. In addition to this, Asda had a greater storage capacity, meaning an overall lower cost per unit.Therefore, after collecting data and analysing them, it is found that there was evidence of collusion, but only between two of the supermarkets, not all three studied.There are, though, apparent limitations in my study. Firstly, my area of research was only in one town. If there is found to be some form of collusion between supermarkets here, it doesnt necessarily mean it is occurring all over the country with those same supermarkets. Also, the time span of my investiga tion was three weeks. This may not have been enough time to gather an appropriate amount of results to come to a reliable decision. This could be said the same for the amount of products used in my investigation 15 products may not have been enough to come to an appropriate result. As well as this, I could not make a judgment whether the collusion between Tesco and Sainsburys was either tacit or collusion. This would have to be investigated further. All of these limitations overlook the aim of my study and thus should be inspected further.8. BIBLIOGRAPHY/ACKNOWLEDGMENTAnderton, A. (2006). Economics one-quarter Edition. In A. Anderton, Economics Fourth Edition (pp. 63-64). Causeway Press.Dorton, I. (2007). Economics. In I. Dorton, Economics (pp. 119-123). Oxford University Press.Dorton, I. (2007). Economics. In I. Dorton, Economics (pp. 114-118). Oxford University Press.Dorton, I. (2007). Economics. In I. Dorton, Economics (p. 115). Oxford University Press.Dorton, I. (2007). Economi cs. In I. Dorton, Economics (pp. 81-82). Oxford University Press.Dorton, I. (2007). Economics. In I. Dorton, Economics (pp. 105-111). Oxford University Press.Garner, E. (2010, June 1). TNS Global. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from TNS Global Website http//www.tnsglobal.com/news/news-56F59E8A99C8428989E9BE66187D5792.aspxMeasure of Spreads. (2007). Retrieved June 3, 2010, from Stats4students http//www.stats4students.com/Essentials/Measures-Of-Spread/Overview_3.phpOffice of Fair Trading. (n.d.). Office of Fair Trading. Retrieved June 3, 2010, from http//www.oft.gov.uk/ http//www.oft.gov.uk/Office of Fair Trading. (2010, May 25). Office of Fair Trading Reply Letter. London, U.K.Prisoners Dilemma. (1997, family line 4). Retrieved June 3, 2010, from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/prisoner-dilemma/